The History Files
An extensive collection of information covering all historical states, including comprehensive features, highly detailed maps, and lists of rulers for each state. Please help by submitting your own features, king list data, photos, audio, or video for inclusion. Visit the site's 'contact' page.
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria has a long history, one which originates in myth and tribal dominance in antiquity, in archaeological cultures such as the Cernavodă, and in the large swathes of what is now southern Bulgaria formerly being part of Thrace.Published: Thu, 25 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTModern Ukraine
Bringing this release to an end is the fledgling republic of Ukraine, created in 1991 during the dissolution of the former Soviet regime and still finding its democratic feet in the face of an external dictatorial attempt at conquest.Published: Wed, 24 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTModern Russia
Modern Russia is supposed to be a federal, semi-presidential republic, founded in 1991 in the wake of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, but despite bearing a resemblance to a democratic state it has always managed to convey the impression that old habits die hard in terms of its tendencies towards strong centralist control.Published: Tue, 23 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTUkrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Russian civil war lasted until 1920 from Ukraine's standpoint, by which time all but the westernmost areas of the country were under confirmed Russian control, allowing the SSR to be formed in 1922.Published: Mon, 22 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTKemmelberg 1918 (Part 1)
The early war years were marked by several battles near Ypres in the build-up to events which would engulf the Kemmelberg.Published: Sat, 20 Aug 2022 12:00:00 GMTUkrainian People's Republic
Soviet Russia quickly lost control of the former empire's provinces, with the result that an independent Ukraine emerged in the form of the anti-communist Ukrainian People's Republic.Published: Fri, 19 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTSoviet Russia
The First World War brought matters to a head in Russia, with the republican February Revolution in 1917 removing the Romanovs from power and the October Revolution replacing them with a Bolshevik communist state.Published: Thu, 18 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTGalicia & Lodomeria
On 5 August 1772, during the 'First Partition' of Poland-Lithuania, Habsburg Austria was able to gain parts of Little Poland and Red Ruthenia and, the following month, it created the kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria to administer the territories.Published: Wed, 17 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTRussian Empire (Romanovs)
The Romanovs formed Russia's second dynasty, and it was through this long-lived dynasty (or dynasty-and-a-half to be precise) that the Moscow Czarate built up a Eurasian empire.Published: Tue, 16 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTPolish-Lithuanian Voivodeship of Kyiv & Zhytomyr
Under the 'Commonwealth of Poland', the voivodeship of Kyiv continued until Russia enfoced the city's handover in 1667, with Zhytomyr replacing it as the capital of commonwealth interests in western Ukraine.Published: Mon, 15 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTThe Whitney Plantation, LA
Following the American Civil War, a businessman named Bradish Johnson bought the old plantation in Louisiana and renamed it Whitney, the surname of one of his married daughters.Published: Sat, 13 Aug 2022 12:00:00 GMTCzarate of all the Russias
Moscow State gradually asserted its dominance over all of its rival principalities, with Ivan gaining the principality in 1533 and in 1547 being declared to be the first czar of all the Russias.Published: Fri, 12 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTVoivodeship of Kyiv
Lithuanian administration of its dependencies was becoming increasingly centralised so, in 1470, with the death of the last prince of Kyiv, the opportunity was taken to convert Kyiv's status to that of a voivodeship.Published: Thu, 11 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTLithuanian Kyiv
It was growing Lithuanian pressure which ended the Golden Horde's domination over Kyiv, suddenly incorporating it and ancient western Ukrainian territory into Lithuanian domains around 1321 (the precise date is uncertain).Published: Wed, 10 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTLithuanian Polotsk
Following the death in 1101 of Vseslav Briacheslavich 'the Sorcerer', the greater part of Polotsk broke up into smaller states, with some of them being snapped up by the expanding Lithuanian state.Published: Tue, 09 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTMoscow State (Rus)
It was the role played by Ivan Danilovich, the younger son of Daniel of Moscow, in commanding the suppression of rebellion in Tver in 1327 which cemented his reputation with his overlord, Ozbeg Khan of the Golden Horde, and allowed the formation of the Moscow state.Published: Mon, 08 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTYosemite National Park, CA
Just two years after the California Gold Rush was triggered in the Sierra Navada, the first European Americans entered Yosemite Valley in 1851.Published: Sat, 06 Aug 2022 12:00:00 GMTMuscovite Novgorod (Rus)
Rebellion against the Golden Horde in 1327 was brutally repressed, but this act meant that the princes of Moscow now utterly dominated the northern Rus principalities, including Novgorod.Published: Fri, 05 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTDuchy of Moscow (Rus)
Moscow's early princes are not universally accepted by scholars, but Daniel or Daniil Aleksandrovich, the first ruler of the grand duchy of Moscow from the age of two in 1263 is often preferred as the 'founder' of Moscow's later greatness, with this being the last seat of power to be founded by the Old Rus.Published: Thu, 04 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTPrinces of Moscow (Rus)
The city of Moskva (Moscow) was founded as a fortress settlement by the ruler of Rostov-Suzdal prior to 1147, sitting in an ideal location immediately south of the junction between the River Moskva and the mighty Volga.Published: Wed, 03 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTKoknese (Rus)
Koknese was one of the smallest of the splinter principalities of Polotsk, being situated on the right bank of the River Daugava, a Lat and Sel settlement which was perhaps known more locally as Kukenois.Published: Tue, 02 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTLater Kyiv (Rus)
Kyiv had remained the principle seat of the Rus until 1169 when the city was sacked and the seat officially moved northwards to Vladimir, leaving the former mother city weakened.Published: Mon, 01 Aug 2022 15:00:00 GMTYosemite, CA (Video)
Introducing Yosemite National Park in California, with a glimpse of the valley floor area and the three-stage Yosemite Falls in this video teaser for a forthcoming longer photo focus feature.Published: Sat, 30 Jul 2022 12:00:00 GMTVladimir-Suzdal (Rus)
The city of Vladimir was (probably) founded in 990 by Vladimir the Great of Kyiv, although it was from 1157 and the reign of St Andrey (I) Bogolyubski ('the Pious') that it became the principal city, replacing Rostov and Suzdal, and the principality became known as Vladimir-Suzdal.Published: Fri, 29 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMTHalychyna (Rus)
In 1142, Volodymyrko Volodarovych, prince of Zvenyhorod, united the principalities of Przemyśl, Terebovlya, and Zvenyhorod into a single state called Halychyna which included a sizeable part of western Ukraine in its territory.Published: Thu, 28 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMTNovgorod Republic (Rus)
The Rus boyars had eroded the power of Novgorod's prince to their own benefit, and by about 1136 they turned the position of prince of Novgorod into an elected position rather than an unquestioned hereditary one.Published: Wed, 27 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMTRostov-Suzdal (Rus)
The grand duchy of Rostov-Suzdal was located in the north-eastern segment of Rus lands, formed across territory which had initially been held by the tribal Merya and Ilmen Slavs.Published: Tue, 26 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMTPolotsk (Rus)
The principality of Polotsk was essentially a Rus satellite state which was created within Old Russia, being located to the south-east of Pskov, within modern Belarus.Published: Mon, 25 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMTDnieper Balts
The Dnieper Balts are a theoretical grouping of Eastern Baltic tribes whose very existence is known only from the names of rivers in the region.Published: Sat, 23 Jul 2022 12:00:00 GMTGalicia
Modern Galicia is a divided region, split between south-eastern Poland and western Ukraine into the provinces of Westgalizien and Ostgalizien respectively, with the Pripet Marshes immediately to the east (now in Belarus).Published: Fri, 22 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMTEarly Ukraine
Literally the borderland for much of its existence - the meaning behind its name - Ukraine has long been a meeting point for east and west.Published: Thu, 21 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMTKyiv (Rus)
Although it was already an important settlement of the Eastern Polans, Kyiv was captured by - according to legend - Askold and Dir, prior to being converted into the mother of the cities of the Rus.Published: Wed, 20 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMTNovgorod (Rus)
Having accepted the invitation to rule the northern Slavic tribes, Rurik and his brethren each assumed control over one of their centres, with Rurik himself taking Novgorod, which Scandinavian sources label as Holmgård (today's Veliky Novgorod).Published: Tue, 19 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMTRus Khaganate
Immediately prior to the arrival of Rurik and his kin, there is the possibility that another, proto-state existed for a short time, although its existence is uncertain and is largely postulated from minimal evidence.Published: Mon, 18 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMTOld Russia / The Rus
The term 'the Russias' can be used to describe a rather ill-defined expanse of territory to the north of the Pontic-Caspian steppe in Eastern Europe, with this area becoming part of a Viking-Slav state known as Old Russia.Published: Sat, 16 Jul 2022 12:00:00 GMTOld Russia (Index)
The coming of the Rus to Slavic lands spurred the creation of Old Russia, a unified state which was controlled from Kyiv.Published: Fri, 15 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMTVannes
At some point Bro Erech's territory appears to have been divided, with its southern part around Vannes and its northern part around Rennes both gaining their own separate lines of counts by the ninth century.Published: Thu, 14 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMTRennes
The name Rennes seems to descended from the tribe which counted this town as one of its settlements, the Celtic Redones.Published: Wed, 13 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMTPoher
The precise location of the minor principality of Poher is uncertain, and linking it to the traditional county of today is not entirely reliable since ancient Poher is barely mentioned in official texts before the eleventh century.Published: Tue, 12 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMTNantes
Formerly a Roman city of the Namnetes tribe - Portus Namnetum - Nantes was not one of the British cities of the Vannetais (Brittany) but was instead conquered by it.Published: Mon, 11 Jul 2022 15:00:00 GMT'문화방' 카테고리의 다른 글
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